Tatarstan > History of Turks Tatars

History of Turks Tatars

The origins of the Turks Tatars governance should be nomadic culture of the steppe bells of horses of Eurasia. It was bounded with Siberian forests to the North, deserts and semi deserts to the South, it’s touched the border of China to the East, to the West it came to the territory of Southern-East Europe. During partially assimilated with numerous tribes (Indo-European tribes in Central Asia, Finno-Ugric – in the Volga region, the Ural and Western Siberia).

They created various ethnopolitical associations, us quite motley ethnic map of Eurasia. Thus the Turkic historical community appeared and peculiar for the public entities of Turco-Tatars were formed.

Modern historical science referred public formations of nomads to the nomadic empires. It was a complex society, based on military principles, which occupied large space and received the rosemary resources, usually through external operation.

In the middle of V century the consolidation of the Turkic tribes began in East Turkestan. As a result, new nation appeared in the historical stage. They were known under the name of Turks, who became the founder of a new immense power called the Great Turkic Khaganate. In the middle of VI-th century the state united all the tribes and peoples inhabiting the steppes of the Eurasian continent - from the Yellow Sea to the Black sea and from the Amu-Darya river to the headwaters of the Ishim river. As a result of strife and external pressure, the state was divided into Western and Eastern khanates in the first half of the VII-lth century. It lasted until the middle of the VIlth century, Traditions of political and administrative organization, laid by Huns, were considerably developed by Turks, The formation of statehood on the territory of Central Asia, southern Siberia and the Volga region may be connected with it. The greatest achievement of that era was the creation of the Turkic runic writing (not later than the end of VIIth century), which spread from the territory of Mongolia, Altai, Upper Yenisei to Don region and the North Caucasus. Widely known runic manuscripts of Turks originated in VI-VII centuries in the valley of the Orkhon river. This significant site was the first that presented the view of nomads on their history.

Orkhon inscriptions mentioned the Union of the Tatar tribes «thirty Tatars», in later sources it was called «nine Tatars». Subsequently, there were several Tatar steppe state in the mountain-steppe zone of Mongolia and Northern China («Tartar steppe») in the IX-XIIth centuries. They were hostile to each other and held the local Turkic tribes in submission, Later, these Turkic tribes were conquered by the Mongols and become part of the Mongol Empire. As a result of the Western Turkic Khaganate weakening, so some new state appeared on its territory. The Khazar Khaganate was one of them (630-X c) located in the Caspian lowland and Fore-Ciscaucasus. Its rulers considered themselves as direct descendants of the Turkic khagans of the family of Ashin. The Khazar Khaganate was significantly weakened during the Arab-Khazar wars in VIIIth century. It ceased existence after the appearance of Pechenegs – new tribal unions in the steppes of the Volga in the Xth century. Another cause was the defeat by Prince Svyatoslav of Kiev in 965.

Another state - the Great Bulgaria (635- 650-s) - was formed when the Turks lost the control under its Western territories. This state occupied the territory of the Black sea and Azov steppes, the Taman Peninsula and the Kuban area. The Union of tribes, including the Bulgarians, appeared on the territory of Eastern Europe during the Great migration, when the Huns westwarding forced many nomads to leave their lands and move to new territory, They were conquered by the Turks and became part of the Turkic Khaganate, In about 635 Kubrat, who was the chief of the tribe of Bulgarians-Uinogundurs, received the support of Byzantine Empire. He founded the state of the Great Bulgaria. However, after the death of Kubrat the state collapsed, and its territory was occupied by the Khazars, Nevertheless, the Bulgarians did not disappear from the historical arena. The part of the Bulgarians settled in the Damube region, where in 681 the Danube Bulgaria was founded, Moreover, after the disintegration of great Bulgaria, there began gradual migration of Bulgarians to the territory of the Volga-Kama region. Subsequently, there was formed the state of the Valga Bulgaria.